More species from Europe: trees, shrubs, flowers and ferns

Trees, shrubs, climbers, wild flowers, ferns and grasses from all over Europe, and what is often planted in gardens and parks. With photos, a description and their name in Dutch, French and English.

Trees

Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis
Algerian fir Abies numidica
Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera
Canary Island pine Pinus canariensis
Carob Ceratonia siliqua
Downy oak Quercus pubescens
Greek fir Abies cephalonica
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Oriental hornbeam Carpinus orientalis
Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera
Siberian elm Ulmus pumila
Siberian fir Abies sibirica
Siberian larch Larix sibirica
Siberian spruce Picea obovata
Spanish juniper Juniperus thurifera
Tasmanian blue gum Eucalyptus globulus
Tatarian maple Acer tataricum
Terebinth Pistacia terebinthus

Shrubs

Black-berried honeysuckle Lonicera nigra
Caper Capparis spinosa
Dark-leaved willow Salix myrsinifolia
Dewberry Rubus caesius
Green alder Alnus alnobetula
Kermes oak Quercus coccifera
Mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus
Mistletoe Viscum album
Phoenician juniper Juniperus phoenicea
Pontic rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum
Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis
Small-flowered sweet-briar Rosa micrantha
Wild cotoneaster Cotoneaster integerrimus

Dwarf shrubs

Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos
Dwarf willow Salix herbacea
Petty whin Genista anglica
Spike lavender Lavandula latifolia
Spiny restharrow Ononis spinosa
Twinflower Linnaea borealis

Climbers

Black bryony Dioscorea communis
Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis
Japanese hop Humulus japonicus
Narrow-leaved everlasting-pea Lathyrus sylvestris
Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
Wild madder Rubia peregrina

Flowers and herbs

Agrimony Agrimonia eupatoria
Alsike clover Trifolium hybridum
Annual mercury Mercurialis annua
Argentinian vervain Verbena bonariensis
Autumn hawkbit Scorzoneroides autumnalis
Basil Ocimum basilicum
Bee orchid Ophrys apifera
Betony Betonica officinalis
Bird’s-foot Ornithopus perpusillus
Black horehound Ballota nigra
Black medick Medicago lupulina
Black nightshade Solanum nigrum
Bleeding heart Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Bog asphodel Narthecium ossifragum
Bristly oxtongue Helminthotheca echioides
Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius
Broad-leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine
Buck’s-horn plantain Plantago coronopus
Bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus
Burnet-saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga
Bush vetch Vicia sepium
Butterbur Petasites hybridus
Cabbage thistle Cirsium oleraceum
Canadian fleabane Erigeron canadensis
Caper spurge Euphorbia lathyris
Cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata
Charlock Sinapis arvensis
Chicory Cichorium intybus
Chinese peony Paeonia lactiflora
Chives Allium schoenoprasum
Cleavers Galium aparine
Colt’s-foot Tussilago farfara
Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris
Common bistort Bistorta officinalis
Common centaury Centaurium erythraea
Common chickweed Stellaria media
Common cow-wheat Melampyrum pratense
Common duckweed Lemna minor
Common field-speedwell Veronica persica
Common figwort Scrophularia nodosa
Common fleabane Pulicaria dysenterica
Common fumitory Fumaria officinalis
Common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit
Common milkwort Polygala vulgaris
Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum
Common nettle Urtica dioica
Common poppy Papaver rhoeas
Common ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris
Common spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Common stork’s-bill Erodium cicutarium
Common toadflax Linaria vulgaris
Common twayblade Neottia ovata
Common vetch Vicia sativa
Common whitlowgrass Draba verna
Corn mint Mentha arvensis
Corn spurrey Spergula arvensis
Cornflower Centaurea cyanus
Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris
Cowbane Cicuta virosa
Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens
Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans
Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense
Curled dock Rumex crispus
Cut-leaved crane’s-bill Geranium dissectum
Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale
Deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna
Deptford pink Dianthus armeria
Dill Anethum graveolens
Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis
Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle
Dwarf mallow Malva neglecta
Early crocus Crocus tommasinianus
Early-purple orchid Orchis mascula
Enchanter’s-nightshade Circaea lutetiana
Fairy flax Linum catharticum
Fat-hen Chenopodium album
Fennel Foeniculum vulgare
Field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis
Field pansy Viola arvensis
Field penny-cress Thlaspi arvense
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea
Gallant-soldier Galinsoga parviflora
Garden asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Garden dahlia Dahlia pinnata
Garden lupin Lupinus polyphyllus
Garden phlox Phlox paniculata
Garden tulip Tulipa gesneriana
Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata
Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys
Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum
Goat’s-beard Tragopogon pratensis
Goat’s-rue Galega officinalis
Grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris
Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum
Great yellow gentian Gentiana lutea
Greater burdock Arctium lappa
Greater celandine Chelidonium majus
Greater plantain Plantago major
Ground-elder Aegopodium podagraria
Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea
Groundsel Senecio vulgaris
Gypsywort Lycopus europaeus
Hairy bitter-cress Cardamine hirsuta
Hairy tare Vicia hirsuta
Hare’s-foot clover Trifolium arvense
Hawkweed oxtongue Picris hieracioides
Heath bedstraw Galium saxatile
Heath speedwell Veronica officinalis
Heath spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza maculata
Hedge bedstraw Galium mollugo
Hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale
Hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica
Hedgerow crane’s-bill Geranium pyrenaicum
Hemlock Conium maculatum
Henbane Hyoscyamus niger
Henbit dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule
Herb-Paris Paris quadrifolia
Herb-Robert Geranium robertianum
Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera
Hoary plantain Plantago media
Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium
Hollyhock Alcea rosea
Honesty Lunaria annua
Hop trefoil Trifolium campestre
Hound’s-tongue Cynoglossum officinale
Ivy-leaved speedwell Veronica hederifolia
Ivy-leaved toadflax Cymbalaria muralis
Japanese knotweed Reynoutria japonica
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus
Kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria
Knotgrass Polygonum aviculare
Lady orchid Orchis purpurea
Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium calceolus
Large bitter-cress Cardamine amara
Lemon balm Melissa officinalis
Lesser butterfly-orchid Platanthera bifolia
Lesser celandine Ficaria verna
Lesser trefoil Trifolium dubium
Lizard orchid Himantoglossum hircinum
Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum
Lousewort Pedicularis sylvatica
Lovage Levisticum officinale
Lucerne Medicago sativa
Marsh gentian Gentiana pneumonanthe
Marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle vulgaris
Marsh ragwort Jacobaea aquatica
Marsh thistle Cirsium palustre
Marsh woundwort Stachys palustris
May lily Maianthemum bifolium
Meadow saxifrage Saxifraga granulata
Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis
Milk thistle Silybum marianum
Moschatel Adoxa moschatellina
Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca
Mouse-ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum
Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris
Musk thistle Carduus nutans
Narrow-leaved ragwort Senecio inaequidens
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
Nipplewort Lapsana communis
Nottingham catchfly Silene nutans
Oblong-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia
Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium
Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare
Pellitory-of-the-wall Parietaria judaica
Perennial sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis
Petty spurge Euphorbia peplus
Pineappleweed Matricaria discoidea
Pot marigold Calendula officinalis
Prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
Procumbent yellow-sorrel Oxalis corniculata
Purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea
Pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis
Rampion bellflower Campanula rapunculus
Red clover Trifolium pratense
Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum
Redshank Persicaria maculosa
Regal lily Lilium regale
Ribbed melilot Melilotus officinalis
Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata
Rough chervil Chaerophyllum temulum
Rough hawkbit Leontodon hispidus
Round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia
Rue-leaved saxifrage Saxifraga tridactylites
Sanicle Sanicula europaea
Scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis
Scentless mayweed Tripleurospermum inodorum
Sea aster Tripolium pannonicum
Sea rocket Cakile maritima
Sea sandwort Honckenya peploides
Sea spurge Euphorbia paralias
Sea-holly Eryngium maritimum
Sea-kale Crambe maritima
Sheep’s sorrel Rumex acetosella
Sheep’s-bit Jasione montana
Shepherd’s-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris
Silverweed Potentilla anserina
Skullcap Scutellaria galericulata
Slender St John’s-wort Hypericum pulchrum
Small balsam Impatiens parviflora
Small nettle Urtica urens
Smooth hawk’s-beard Crepis capillaris
Smooth sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis
Southern marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa
Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare
Spiked rampion Phyteuma spicatum
Spring gentian Gentiana verna
Sun spurge Euphorbia helioscopia
Sunflower Helianthus annuus
Tansy Tanacetum vulgare
Thorn-apple Datura stramonium
Thyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia
Toothwort Lathraea squamaria
Tormentil Potentilla erecta
Touch-me-not balsam Impatiens noli-tangere
Trifid bur-marigold Bidens tripartita
Tufted vetch Vicia cracca
Water mint Mentha aquatica
Water-cress Nasturtium officinale
Water-pepper Persicaria hydropiper
White campion Silene latifolia
White clover Trifolium repens
White dead-nettle Lamium album
White melilot Melilotus albus
Wild angelica Angelica sylvestris
Wild carrot Daucus carota
Wild celery Apium graveolens
Wild marjoram Origanum vulgare
Wild mignonette Reseda lutea
Wild onion Allium vineale
Wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris
Wood avens Geum urbanum
Wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosella
Yarrow Achillea millefolium
Yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum
Yellow star-of-Bethlehem Gagea lutea

Ferns and horsetails

Adder’s-tongue Ophioglossum vulgatum
Bracken Pteridium aquilinum
Field horsetail Equisetum arvense
Great horsetail Equisetum telmateia
Lemon-scented fern Oreopteris limbosperma
Marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre
Wall-rue Asplenium ruta-muraria
Water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile

Grasses, sedges and rushes

Annual meadow-grass Poa annua
Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata
Common bent Agrostis capillaris
Common cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium
Common couch Elymus repens
Common reed Phragmites australis
Compact rush Juncus conglomeratus
False brome Brachypodium sylvaticum
False oat-grass Arrhenatherum elatius
Greater pond-sedge Carex riparia
Lesser pond-sedge Carex acutiformis
Marram grass Ammophila arenaria
Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis
Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne
Red fescue Festuca rubra
Reed sweet-grass Glyceria maxima
Sand sedge Carex arenaria
Soft rush Juncus effusus
Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum
Timothy Phleum pratense
Wood melick Melica uniflora
Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus